Additional Resources

• Open access academic articles, reports, and guidelines:
  • Rogers Van Katwyk, S., Jones, S. L., & Hoffman, S. J. (2018). Mapping educational opportunities for healthcare workers on antimicrobial resistance and stewardship around the world. Hum Resour Health, 16(1), 9. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5799960/pdf/12960_2018_Article_270.pdf

    [This reference has a table with antimicrobial stewardship educational opportunities]

  • WHO’s “Guidelines on core components of infection prevention and control programmes at the national and acute health care facility level” http://www.who.int/infection-prevention/publications/ipc-components-guidelines/en/
  • WHO’s “Guidelines for the prevention and control of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in health care facilities” http://www.who.int/infection-prevention/publications/guidelines-cre/en/
  • Cochrane Review’s “Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients” http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003543.pub4/full
  • Article on Antimicrobial Stewardship. Abstract: “The overuse and misuse of antimicrobial agents has detrimental effects on patients, the health care system, and society. Inappropriate antimicrobial use contributes to the rising cost of health care, the emergence of multidrug resistant organisms, and adverse drug reactions. Antimicrobial stewardship programs provide standard, evidence-based approaches to encourage judicious use of antimicrobial agents. This review summarizes the goals of antimicrobial stewardship programs, the members needed to initiate and sustain them, antimicrobial stewardship strategies, barriers to the implementation and maintenance of the programs, approaches to measure their effects, and the basic steps needed to initiate them.” Tamma, P. D., & Cosgrove, S. E. (2011). Antimicrobial Stewardship. Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 25(1), 245-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2010.11.011
  • CDC’s Implementation Resources on “Implementation of Antibiotic Stewardship Core Elements at Small and Critical Access Hospitals”. This document provides guidance on practical strategies to implement antibiotic stewardship programs in small and critical access hospitals. Although these guidelines were created for the U.S. setting, small and critical access hospitals are low-resource hospitals in the U.S.  https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/healthcare/implementation/core-elements-small-critical.html
  • CDC’s “Core Elements of Hospital Antibiotic Stewardship Programs”. This resource was published by the CDC to provide a set of guidelines and checklists in setting up and implementing an antibiotic stewardship program in a hospital setting. https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/healthcare/pdfs/core-elements.pdf
  • CDC The Core Elements of Antibiotic Stewardship for Nursing Homes: https://www.cdc.gov/longtermcare/pdfs/core-elements-antibiotic-stewardship.pdf
• Non-open Access Articles that may be available through your school
  • Pulcini published an article providing an overview of the current status of Antibiotic Stewardship for the 18th Annual European Antibiotic Awareness Day. Pulcini, C. (2017). “Antibiotic stewardship: update and perspectives”. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23(11), 791-792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2017.08.020
  • This article provides an overview and vignettes of how physicians are tackling antibiotic stewardship in the hospital setting. Ostrowsky, B., et al. (2018). “Infectious Diseases Physicians: Leading the Way in Antimicrobial Stewardship”. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 66(7), 995–1003. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix1093

• Relevant news articles:
  • This article “Caring about antibiotic resistance is similar with reducing the plastic waste or saving water” provides some further insight on what it would be like to practice antibiotic stewardship in a low-resource setting and the unique challenges those settings present. Dr. Windhi Kresnawati is a pediatrician and has worked in remote Indonesia for the past 4 years engaging various stakeholders to support and participate in a series of activities to raise their awareness on antibiotic resistance. https://www.reactgroup.org/health-care-professionals/caring-about-antibiotic-resistance-is-similar-with-reducing-the-plastic-waste-or-saving-water/  
• Other web resources:
  • The ReAct Toolbox provides tools for those looking to develop a national action plan, healthcare professionals looking to develop stewardship, and civil society organizations looking to tackle AMR: https://www.reactgroup.org/toolbox/
  • University of Minnesota’s Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (CIDRAP) information page on Antimicrobial Stewardship. This page provides some key background information as well as links to additional new articles and important resources that include clinical tools, policy updates, etc. http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/asp
• Open access online courses. They are free to access, but you would need to create an account (also free) to access these:
  • Free OpenWHO Class on “Antimicrobial Stewardship: A competency-based approach”. By the end of this free course Open WHO, participants should be able to understand core competencies of antimicrobial stewardship and how they can be applied to common clinical scenarios https://openwho.org/courses/AMR-competency
  • “CDC Training on Antibiotic Stewardship” This course will include information about antibiotic resistance and threats and a detailed explanation of the benefits of antibiotic stewardship. Additionally, this course will discuss risks and benefits of antibiotics, with a focus on the microbiome, adverse drug events, and Clostridium difficile infections. Lastly, clinicians will be empowered to optimize patient care by integrating antibiotic stewardship activities into outpatient care. https://www.train.org/cdctrain/course/1075730/compilation
  • Additional training courses can be found here: https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/directory-guidance-prevention-and-control/training-antimicrobial-stewardship

CDC Webinar “Be Antibiotics Aware: Smart Use, Best Care” https://www.cdc.gov/grand-rounds/pp/2018/20180515-antibiotics-aware.html

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